Sosnowsky’s hogweed, a poisonous invasive plant that causes skin burns upon contact, has been found to have nearly twice as many genes as most other plants, according to a study published in The Plant Journal. This is the first time that scientists have studied the genome of the plant, opening up possibilities for practical applications in medicine and pharmacology.
Sosnowsky’s hogweed, also known as Heracleum sosnowskyi, is an invasive plant that has spread beyond its natural habitat in the North Caucasus, becoming a threat to ecosystems and human health. Originally cultivated as a fodder crop in European Russia after World War II, it has since invaded larger areas, displacing other plant species and reducing biodiversity. The plant’s juice contains natural toxins that increase sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, leading to skin burns and irritation upon contact.
Scientists from Skoltech and the A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of RAS conducted a study on the complete genome of Sosnowsky’s hogweed, assembling it up to the chromosome level. Using a DNA sequencer, they discovered that the plant had an unexpectedly high number of genes—55,000, compared to the typical 25,000-35,000 found in most other plants. Further investigation revealed that gene duplications were responsible for this phenomenon.
The researchers found that the multiple gene duplications occurred specifically in gene families involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as furanocoumarins that make hogweed toxic. They analyzed the genes responsible for causing skin burns in daylight and identified the function of one gene that converts marmesin into psoralen.
The findings of the study have significant implications for medicine and pharmacology. The unique bioactive molecules found in Sosnowsky’s hogweed can potentially be utilized to develop new drugs and treatment approaches for various skin problems. Understanding the specific features of the plant’s genome will assist in identifying and studying these bioactive molecules.
In addition, the research can aid in the development of biological control methods and monitoring techniques to combat the spread of this invasive plant. The scientists plan to continue studying the hogweed genome and exploring the genetic diversity of the species in its natural habitat and invaded areas. This research aims to uncover the spread patterns and strategies of Sosnowsky’s hogweed and its relationship with related species, such as Mantegazzi’s hogweed, which is rapidly spreading in Western Europe.
In conclusion, the genome study of Sosnowsky’s hogweed has revealed a surprisingly high number of genes and has the potential to contribute to various fields, including medicine, pharmacology, and ecological management. Further research will provide valuable insights into the plant’s behavior and aid in the development of effective control measures.
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